Great question. There are lots of different recipes but they all usually have butter, sugar and flour (either plain flour and baking powder or self-raising flour to make them fluffy and light) in them along with whatever you’re using for flavourings (e.g. vanilla, chocolate, raisins etc). In the oven there’s an amazing thing that happens called the Maillard reaction. This is where the proteins in the butter and flour react with the sugar and change their shape. It’s what causes the top of it to go brown and caramely and basically utterly yummy!
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